ETYMOLOGY OF WORDS EXPRESSING CONCEPT ‘ER/MALE’

Abstract

           In  this article, the concept of "er /male" is taken as the subject of research. The aim of the study is to  determine the etymologically similar reflexes of the most ancient  root  *er/male, the influence of phonetic and morphological word changes on the semantic meanings, the relationship between the meanings of derivatives, the primary meaning of the word transmissions, their forms in related and unrelated languages. The origin of the word *er/male, its forms in  kindred  and non-kindred languages, phonetic changes, the sound alternations in the words, the formation  of  meanings, and  the  semantic  similarities were studied using a comparative - historical method based on  information  taken  from etymological dictionaries and various historical sources. The study results showed that reflexes of the most ancient root *er /male as well as its derivatives  have  phonetic  and  semantic similar reflexes, and a close relationship with the words in the Turkic, Indo-European  and  Chinese language  groups. The novelty  of  the  results lies in the validity of the etymological representatives, data obtained from historical sources, the reliability of assumptions about the etymology of the word *er/male in Eurasian languages. The article can be used in teaching of comparative linguistics, lexicology, typology, conceptology in higher education.